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發表於 2018-12-11 06:51
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01 Bones and Skeletal Muscles 骨与骨骼肌
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; b D0 {, t2 T" U: R! W6 ]( b: T#02-08 Joint 关节
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8 [4 D1 l, }! c+ l在线视频 http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMzk1ODg5OTkwOA==.html?
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#02 Ball and socket 球窝式6 t q' Y% b6 }3 ?/ F( S1 }0 E4 |1 d
; J. S) z* S' j& b8 ]The ball-and-socket joint, found in the shoulder, is a freely moving joint that can rotate on any axis.
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& k( y8 y5 }8 w- ?) _肩部的球-窝关节,是一个自由活动的关节,可以在任何轴线旋转。+ Y( k4 O, K( S
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#03 Condyloid 骨踝
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/ I' ~( J6 n U, s3 K; ~0 S% QThe wrist joint is a condyloid joint that allows for circular motion, flexion, and extension.
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; g! z! ?, u$ K! _* G: w2 H: q腕关节是一个椭圆形关节,能够进行圆周运动、前屈和扩展。
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" q2 k7 \& k3 Y$ \( T" ~6 h#04 Gliding 滑动
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As the body moves, the vertebrae of the spine move against each other as gliding joints.; r a: g6 {# o
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随着身体的移动,脊柱的椎骨犹如滑动关节,彼此活动。
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- ^$ q, J8 t D( R' z% c#05 Hinge 铰链
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" @0 C# b% h( s8 G, RHinge joints, like the elbow, move on just one axis. These joints allow for flexion and extension.* q4 t+ u9 o" y) F+ ~
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铰链关节只能在一个轴上活动,如肘关节。这些关节可进行屈及伸。
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#06 Pivot 枢轴& [- I' X5 u* o+ b, I: A+ ~( Q
$ c* x. Z$ U5 d3 s, e; ~' HAt the top of the spine, the atlas and axis form a pivot joint that allows for rotation of the head.' b9 P8 V. E" F6 l- `6 F
/ U7 y; f- i) L% ~* r8 w- Y8 A" v2 n: s在脊柱的顶部,寰和轴形成一个枢轴关节,允许头部转动。- m5 ^! m) A7 W
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" ]3 f5 }& ?( J% X, m9 y5 E' J#07 Saddle 马鞍型
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: O) ~5 A7 J+ m- p2 o% vIn the hand, the thumb’s saddle joint lets the thumb cross over the palm, making it opposable." F% j: l, C: v& b& ~2 a- c6 t( A( @
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拇指的鞍状关节让拇指交叉于掌心,与掌心相对。
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1 L2 m4 _! X6 [2 u#08 Sutures 缝合
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Sutures are nonmoving joints that connect bones of the skull. These joints have serrated edges that lock together with fibers of connective tissue. The interlocking edges make sutures strong and fracture-resistant. All skull joints are sutures, except for the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone, which is a movable synovial joint.
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' S. g a5 L4 J! @骨缝是连接颅骨的非活动性关节。这些关节有锯齿边缘,通过结缔组织纤维相互锁合在一起,相互锁合的边缘使骨缝变强,不容易断裂。连接下颌骨和颞骨的关节是一个可活动的滑膜关节,除此之外,所有颅骨的接头都是骨缝。% b! p; h* m: l, J8 [% z2 p
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